You just got ushered into the examination hall and you take your seat. It’s time for another paper, and you’re hoping that you remember all that you read moments before the exams. After all students have sat down, invigilators share the exam questions and you promptly get yours.
As you look through the questions, you suddenly panic. The exam questions look like passages from a novel. You know what this means — problem questions. You read through the questions but things only seem to get worse, you don’t know what to do. You don’t know how to answer the questions. You don’t know where to start.
Problem questions can be quite problematic, if you don’t know what to do. Luckily, they are also the easiest questions to answer — if you know your onions. The general technique that you can use to deal with any problem question is the simple formula: IRAC.
If you understand how to use IRAC, dealing with problem questions will seem less problematic. By the time you’re done with this post, you should be able to put any problem question in its place.
What is IRAC?
IRAC is simply an acronym for:
Issue
Rule
Application
Conclusion.
IRAC is a formula that is used throughout the broad sphere of legal writing. IRAC or slight variations is used by judges in delivering judgements, by lawyers in writing their briefs, by lawyers when giving legal opinions, and numerous other areas of law.
In essence, understanding IRAC will not only be useful for your exams, it would help you throughout your career as a lawyer.
How to Use IRAC
Now that we understand what IRAC is, we get to the most important part – actually using it.
Just like we did in the guide to answering law essay questions, I am going to give you a sample question that we will use IRAC for.
This is the question:
Mr Daniel Kiss is a seasoned Fuji musician, he heard of the 10th year wedding anniversary of his long-time friend, Mr Starboy, who wanted to celebrate it in a big way. Mr Daniel Kiss was actually at the ceremony and was delighted to have been called by Mr Starboy to perform at the ceremony. The performance was adjudged by many people at the ceremony to be superb.
After the performance, Mr Owolabi, who was highly impressed, promised to pay Mr Daniel Kiss a sum of 500,000 naira as a reward for his performance. However, Mr Owolabi didn’t pay this sum and Mr Daniel Kiss instituted an action to get the money.
Advice Mr Daniel Kiss on the chances of success or otherwise of his action.
So, this is how you use IRAC to deal with a problem question:
Issue
When you want to determine the issue in a problem question, you have to look for the area of conflict. The conflict in a problem is where the interest of the characters clash and there is a disagreement. Looking at the scenario above, I have emphasized the area of conflict:
After the performance, Mr Owolabi, who was highly impressed, promised to pay Mr Daniel Kiss a sum of 500,000 naira as a reward for his performance. However, Mr Owolabi didn’t pay this sum and Mr Daniel Kiss instituted an action to get the money.
From the part I have emphasized here, the conflict involves a promise to pay for an action that has already occurred in the past. In essence, the conflict involves past consideration.
With this in mind, we can formulate the issue in this question as:
Whether or not Mr Daniel Kiss’ performance was past consideration for Mr Owolabi’s promise?
There are some things you should notice in the structure of the issue. Note that it makes use of “Whether or not”, You can either use this phrase or “whether” when writing an issue. This is due to the fact that in court cases, issues are usually couched in the form of questions. However, there are some lecturers who don’t want issues couched this way, and they will let you know.
You should also note that the issue relates the facts of the case with the area of law you’re considering. In essence, your issue would be incomplete if you just state something like “whether there was past consideration” or “whether Mr Owolabi owes Daniel Kiss some money”. The perfect issue is a unique combination of facts and law.
The Rule
The rule is the section of your answer where you resort to authority. This can either be by stating statutory provisions or case law relevant to the issue.
The appeal to authority is something that is important to all law students. It is the provision of case law and statute that separates the writing of a lawyer from a sociologist, political scientist, or any other field of social science.
You should also try to define the legal concept that the question deals with. If the definition is something contained in statute, case law, or any other source of law, you should do well to quote it. If you don’t have any authority to quote, just give a definition to the best of your understanding.
This is an example of the rule for this question:
According to the Black’s Law Dictionary 9th Edition, past consideration can be defined as “An act done or a promise given by a promisee before making a promise sought to be enforced. Past consideration is not consideration for the new promise because it has not been given in exchange for this promise.”
In the case of Akenzua II, Oba of Benin vs. Benin Divisional Council (1959) WRNLR 1, the defendant asked the plaintiff to use his influence to convince the African Timber and Plywood company to release some forest areas to it. The plaintiff was able to successfully prevail on the African Timber and Plywood company to do this.
After securing this, the Oba told the council to release part of the land to him for his exclusive use. The Provisional Council agreed to do this. However, it subsequently withdrew its assent. As a result, the Oba sued them to enforce the “contract”.
The court held that the Oba’s act was not valid consideration for the Provisional Council’s promise because when the Oba carried out the act, he didn’t do it for a promise. As a result, his consideration is past and there is no valid contract that can be enforced.
Application
In the application part of IRAC, you are going to relate the authority(s) you have used with the facts of the case. This is how you should do it:
In the present scenario, Mr Daniel Kiss performed before the promise of reward by Mr Owolabi. This is similar to Oba Akenzua getting the land before the promise of reward by the Benin Provisional Council in the case of Akenzua II, Oba of Benin vs Benin Provisional Council. In this case, the court held that such act was past consideration, and it makes the contract unenforceable.
In the same vein, Mr Daniel Kiss’ performance is past consideration for the promise made by Mr Owolabi. As a result, it is not a valid contract that can be enforced by the court.
Conclusion
Your conclusion is the part where you give advice to the party the question asked you to give advice to. You can glimpse this from the last sentence of this question which reads:
Advice Mr Daniel Kiss on the chances of success or otherwise of his action.
So, this is how you would advice Mr Daniel Kiss in the concluding part of IRAC:
My advice to Mr Daniel Kiss is that he should not go ahead with the suit because his consideration is past consideration, making the contract unenforceable.
The full Answer
To make things clearer, this is what the full answer to the problem question would look like:
The issue here is:
Whether or not Mr Daniel Kiss’ performance was past consideration for Mr Owolabi’s promise.
According to the Black’s Law Dictionary 9th Edition, past consideration can be defined as “An act done or a promise given by a promisee before making a promise sought to be enforced. Past consideration is not consideration for the new promise because it has not been given in exchange for this promise.
In the case of Akenzua II, Oba of Benin vs. Benin Divisional Council (1959) WRNLR 1, the defendant asked the plaintiff/Oba to use his influence to convince the African Timber and Plywood company to release some forest areas to it. The Oba was able to successfully prevail on the African Timber and Plywood company to do this.
After securing this, the Oba told the council to release part of the land to him for his exclusive use. The Provisional Council agreed to do this. However, it subsequently withdrew its assent. As a result, the Oba sued them to enforce the “contract”.
The court held that the Oba’s act was not valid consideration for the Provisional Council’s promise because when the Oba carried out the act, he didn’t do it for a promise. As a result, his consideration is past and there is no valid contract that can be enforced.
In the present scenario, Mr Daniel Kiss performed before the promise of reward by Mr Owolabi. This is similar to Oba Akenzua getting the land before the promise of reward by the Benin Provisional Council in the case of Akenzua II, Oba of Benin vs Benin Provisional Council. In this case, the court held that such act was past consideration, and it makes the contract unenforceable.
In the same vein, Mr Daniel Kiss’ performance is past consideration for the promise made by Mr Owolabi. As a result, it is not a valid contract that can be enforced by the court.
My advice to Mr Daniel Kiss is that he should not go ahead with the suit because his consideration is past consideration, making the contract unenforceable.
Conclusion
So, here you have it, how to answer problem questions with IRAC. If you know your way, it’s quite straightforward. If there are areas that aren’t clear to you, you can leave a comment. Also, don’t forget to share this post with any of your friends that might be needing it. You can easily do that with the share buttons on the screen. To your success!!
P.S: If you are interested in an online course that makes it easy for you to get A’s in your law exams, you can check it out here: Get Access to Ace LL.B Exams.
Hi Olamide, thanks a lot for this. My question is whether or not there is a way to know how many issues are contained in a problem question?
Yes, you just have to be on the look out for multiple areas of conflict in the question.
So how do I treat them
What if I don’t know the rules to apply and cases to refer in particular scenarios
1.I find it quite difficult to identify the issues in a question.Any solution?
2.How can I differentiate a problem question from an essay question?
To know the issue in a question, you should just look for the area of conflict in the question, just like in the example. About differentiating problem and essay questions, the differentiating factor is that problem questions have a scenario/story and you have to give advice at the end.
Mr olamide thanks so I really appreciate
But in the whereby you asked to discuss the concept of Accord and satisfaction with regards to consideration using case law? How would your answer look like?
That’s an essay question.
Thank you so much Sir. You have really inspired me. Sir in a situation where there are two or more issues raised,how will you go about answering the question in such a situation?
Answer the issues separately.
thanks Olamide for your help am sure to be a better student and you will be proud of me. thanks a lot once.
You’re very welcome.
Sir, when stating the rule while applying the irac method, for instance citing a case, do necessarily need to state the fact of the case or can I just present the holding of the case as a rule.
Thanks sir for sharing your knowledge and understanding with us.
In the main time, sir i have a question pls.
Can someone advice the parties that is involved in the scenario with only one identify legal issue? i.e you only raised one legal issue on the question and use it to advice two or three parties that are involved in the scenario or story.
Thanks sir for sharing your knowledge and understanding with us.
In the main time, sir i have a question pls.
Can someone advice the parties that are involved in the scenario with only one identified legal issue? i.e you only raised one legal issue on the question and use it to advice two or three parties that are involved in the scenario or story.
Yes. You can do that, if there is only one issue in the scenario, and if the question tells you to advise all parties.
please sir does this formula apply to a legal report. for instance you were made a secretary to a panel set-up to investigate a matter in report will you use the same format
Thanks graciously for this. My question is must definitions to terms in the Rule forumla b from the law dictionary??
2ndly, can we rephrase the issue to be Whether or not is Mr Owolabi’s promise was on past consideration to Mr Daniel’s promise
No. You don’t have to use the Law Dictionary for definitions, It’s just better. Also, on the rephrasing, Mr Owolabi’s promise is not past consideration. Rather it is the performance by Daniel that is past consideration.
Noted. Thank u
THANKS ,I understand it now.
thank you once again sir.
Sir, i wanna ask you a question under criminal law sir.
if A and B planned to do robbery but agreed that they would not carry any gun along. but on getting there A brought out a gun and B said, but we agreed not to carry any gun along. nevertheless, A went ahead and shoot C the owner of the car and he died instantly. then both A and B made away with the car and later apprehended by the police.
Now sir my questions are, with statutory authorities and decided cases sir,
(1) who will be liable for the murder of C?
(2) both A & B will liable for the murder of C or only A who brought out the gun without the notice of B that will only be liable for the offense of murder?
(3) if both of them would be liable, why would they be liable for the murder or if is only A that will be liable of the murder, why would only he be liable for the murder of C sir?
i would be so grateful if my questions could be answered sir.
Thank you sir.
your the best solution of our problem as lawyer in making thanks for your lesson
Thanks very much sir I have a question what if the problem has a mutiplmu issues how do you go about it.
I’m currently working on a course that would deal with this in detail. In summary, what you should do is to use IRAC for each issue, separately.
Thank you so much sir. I believe I will be able to answer a problem question now.
Thank you so much sir…God bless you for this
Thank you sir.
May God reward you.
We are ever grateful.
Hello Olamide,
My question is concerning whether an introduction is necessary when using IRAC: that is, whether the portion that describes the main concept at hand can come before an identification of the legal issues.
In some circumstances, you can briefly highlight the main area of law the scenario deals with. However, the introduction would be very brief, it could just be a sentence. It should not be long and winding like the kind of introduction you’ll need for an essay question.
Thanks for your guide sir…
But i wanna as one question please.
When we are writing the exam, do we need to even specify the steps of answering the question on the booklet? i.e do we need to specify introduction, definition, body and conclusion?
Thanks for your guide sir…
But i wanna ask one question please.
When we are writing the exam, do we need to even specify the steps of answering the question on the booklet? i.e do we need to specify introduction, definition, body and conclusion?
Wow… Dear Sir, you definitely explained the IRAC better than my lecturers. Thanks a lot. However, I have a question. Is it possible to get this document in a PDF that I can download. That is, this your explanation on IRAC?
Thanks for the feedback. You can’t currently do that. However, now that you mention it, I’ll definitely work on making it possible.
Introduction is apt, although it comes in form of a concise discuss on the topic the legal issue is based.
Please how do you answer this question using the IRAC method. “Emeka, a cashier to Omenka Co-operative Society defrauded the Society of a huge sum of money. Emeka who was a first offender immediately tendered the money at the police station and begged for forgiveness. The prosecutor who was moved by Emeka’s show of remorse advised the Chairman of the Society who came to report the case to drop the charges. The Chairman however insisted on the prosecution saying that the stolen money belonged to the Society and that the Executive Committee had resolved to press case to a logical conclusion. Advise the parties. ” what rule applies and what’s the issue? I can’t seem to figure it out
It relates to private prosecution of a criminal case. Check out the case of Fawehinmi vs Akilu. If a private individual wants to prosecute a case, he needs to get an endorsement from the governor.
Thanks
But what abt problem question that has more than one issue??
Kudos to you man thanks alot for this write-up
You’re welcome
Nice work
Thanks.
It’s nice ❣️❣️
Yeah… I know 😉
Thank you for this I really appreciate.
Thank you sir am grateful
thank you for your explanation but i want to ask a
question, if the question has multiple issues do you have to highlght in your answers that you are using irac i.e issue: indicate the issue rule: indicate the rule etc or you go ahead and answer the question still using irac but in an essay form
You still have to use IRAC for each issue. But it depends on the kind of question though. In most instances, you do.
please how do they use to set problem question base on internal conflicts of law and the best way to answer the questions
Thank you so much. You have explained so nicely and perfectly. It has saved my day.
Thank you Olamide
Comment thank you very much sir.
I think I would have probably made more A’s if I asked earlier but not withstanding my subsequent semester would be a better one.
But I would have to read it. Time after time
Thanks Sir for your nice article
but pls I need a brief on identifying issues in a customary law case
Thank you so much sir i think i am improving already
If murder, rape, and not paying of tax is in a scenario, is that the conflict?
Yeah. Although it mostly depends on how the question is phrased.
Thank you so much Sir
I was bad in understanding law but with this information I’m able to answer to law problem questions
I’m happy to have been of help.
Thank you so much!
But I have a question..
According to Plato, Justice is giving each one his due, giving an individual that which he’s naturally fitted.
However Injustice is leaving one’s fit, or part and meddling with another’s part..
What is the implication of this platonic view of a philosopher.
I don’t seem to understand
I haven’t really come across this quote before. It might be better if you tell me your source, Plato might have explained further.
Thank you so much! It’s really helpful
I have personal questions to ask
Okay. Would you like to send me a mail then?
That’s a good one Olamide, U can be a good and wonderful friend. Thanks alot for this.
I’m glad to have been of help.
Due to the patronage in free SHS policy introduced in Ghana in 2018/2019 academic year,Esi yaa had the following agreement with her brother who teachers at Madina boys SHS regarding her son. Esi yaa’ s son kwasi Adu is taking his final year exam at Madina boys SHS. Esi Yaa’s brother kojo Bright is Adu’ s economics teacher. At the start of kwasi Adu’s final year, Esi Yaa tell her brother that she will buy him a laptop if her son gets a A’ in economics. When the results came Kwasi Adu had an A in economics, Bright is now asking Esi to buy the laptop as promised. Consider if the agreement Esi Yaa made with Kojo Bright is enforceable by law. Please how do I go about this question.
This is concerned with the intention to enter into legal relations among family members. You can check this out https://djetlawyer.com/intention-enter-legal-relations/
Hi Mr Olamide, the case scenario a above is a very good guide/example on how to identify problem questions and possibly answer
Thank you
Thank you so much sir you really helped me.
I’m happy to have been of help.
Thank you very much sir. I need a brief on how to answer this question, whether or not can an infant be in a contract ?
Hello. You can check this out https://djetlawyer.com/capacity-to-contract/
I have a question sir. What if the question ask you to advise the parties and also write a brief judgement, especially in criminal law problem question?
You can use IRAC to write a judgement.
Can one use analysis onthe part of application? Does it have any notable difference if one decides to do so?
The application is the part where you make your analysis
Hello Mr Olanrewaju, the guide for answering our law questions its quite benefit me because i dont even know how to answer because my lect gave me the AIPAC formula and looking forward is quite similar with IPAC and i think this guide its really good and i can sure that i can solve the answer. Thank your sir.
I’m glad to have been of help.
also sir is it different when we use abstract or is it still same with ipac? aipac (abstract, issues, principle. application, conclusion )
If you lecturer wants that format, then you can use it. Although, I haven’t come across it before.
Good work sir, keep doing the good work this really help me when I was undergoing my diploma in law. Okay our articles help me a lot so much so I pass my law questions perfectly.
I was very impressed by your work so much so I wanted to be like you and I started researching how will I be like you. I want to have a site as you do after many research and attending lesson finally I am able to learn how to create a website like your own.
Thank you very much.
Bless the site sir https://www.legalresearch.com.ng/2020/03/the-injunction-on-justice-in-divine.html
Nice site you have there.
I used to be recommended this website via my cousin. I am
now not sure whether or not this post is written via him as nobody else recognize such designated about my trouble.
You are incredible! Thank you!
You’re very welcome.
I am so lucky to find myself in this site which has helped me a lot about how to answer law essay and problem questions. I must say u are the best sir
Thanks for the compliment. We’re only doing the best we can.
thank God I am here. I just gained admission to study law and my school is about to resume. I was just engaging in researches on how to answer law questions and then I stumbled on this site. you’ve a new fan here sir, pls sir God grant you grace never to quit
Hello. Congratulations. I’m very glad to have been of help to you.
Please when there is more than one issue how do I represent it
If there are multiple issues, you have to highlight each of them. It depends on the question though, as it’s not so straightforward. This is something I addressed in my online course though.
Sir must you define all the elements of a contract when you are given a contract law questions
Sir if you are told to advice all parties in a question Will you do it one place or in a separate place.
Sir is there a present consideration? If there’s one give me an example please.
Good day sir, I wanted to ask that, what does one do when he doesn’t know any rule to use in a problem question?
Ah. That is a serious problem O. As a law student, you should always be ready to back up your points with legal authorities. You should probably learn how to easily memorise legal authorities as that would help you remember rules to use in a problem question. This blog post should be of help:
https://djetlawyer.com/how-to-easily-memorise-legal-authorities/
Pls I have four questions
If there are multiple legal issues,how do i answer them using irac?
Also,when I’m asked to advise both parties, do I present defences to the defendants and remedies to the plaintif, or give my own opinion on what I feel they should do, with reasons?
Do I call them by their names when presenting the issues or stick to plaintiff and defendant?
Also, when I’m asked to advise the parties in any question,do I first conclude,as per following the irac rule or give my advice in the conclusion?
Pls I anticipate your quick reply
Thank you?
Please how do I get to know different cases that could be linked to particular problem question..learning the m is a tough one. I NEED HELP!!!
How do I write/answer this question with relevant cases?
Agatha and Ben have been investing on the Zimbabwe stock exchange for 20years with the assistance of their Investment advisor Masimba. Masimba has access to Agatha and Ben’s investment account which is worth 5 million dollars. Masimba approached XYZ bank and opened two bank accounts in the name of Agatha and Ben and made himself a signatory to both accounts. Masimba transferred over 3.5million dollars from the investment account into Agatha and Ben personal accounts and eventually withdrew the funds from both accounts.Upon requesting their statement Agatha and Ben observed the anomaly and they are now suing the bank for negligence. Sighting a relevant case does Agatha and Ben have a legal case?
How do I answer a problem question, if it has more than one issue?
Will i take the issue one by one and provide solutions to them, or I’m just going to answer it together
Depends on the question. But most likely, you have to address the issues individually.
Thanks a lot..sure this will really help
thank you, sir
Thanks so much for this
Thank you so much for this post,
My question is what if you’ve been given a scenario like the one above and instead of question on advice the party’s, a direct question is given. Like they ask as pertaining to your scenario what is past consideration, or explain it in relation with something else. Is IRAC still advisable to be used.
What if the case is based on argument with respect to cult activities in a particular community..what will be the right issue to present in answering such problem?
S
Thank you, this is very helpful. Please, can you write on how to identify issues in courses, notably criminal law, torts and human rights?
Sir I understand your teaching on how to use IRAC to solve a problem question and am clear about that. But my challenge is how I can differentiate between problem questions and essay please I need ur help dearly.?????? Thanks Sir.
I kindly need help on this
Agatha and Ben have been investing on the Zimbabwe stock exchange for 20years with the assistance of their Investment advisor Masimba. Masimba has access to Agatha and Ben’s investment account which is worth 5 million dollars. Masimba approached XYZ bank and opened two bank accounts in the name of Agatha and Ben and made himself a signatory to both accounts. Masimba transferred over 3.5million dollars from the investment account into Agatha and Ben personal accounts and eventually withdrew the funds from both accounts.Upon requesting their statement Agatha and Ben observed the anomaly and they are now suing the bank for negligence. Sighting a relevant case does Agatha and Ben have a legal case?
I really appreciate your efforts in helping law students solve contending legal issues. Now my question is this scenario or in another where there are exceptions, how then is the best possible way to answer the question?
Thanks for ur properly guidance
Two students, who were in an electoral body, were involved in electoral malpractice and were rusticated. Your chamber has been approached to prove to the school authority that the issue of the student election is purely a student matter and should not be a curricular issue. Is this a problem question?
This not a problem question simply because there’s no conflict between both parties
Please why are you not serving ads here? It’s a really good job you do here!
Thank you so much Mr Olanrewaju,this is so helpful and explicit.God bless you.
I wish to ask some questions Sir🙇♀️
1.what should I do for in case I omitted any party to the case (either the plaintiff’s name or the defendant’s name) or both,but the facts and court holding are known
2.Or if the the principles are clearly understandable but can not be quoted as they are…?
Nice and informative post sir.
This gives me clarity on how to approach legal questions.
Thanks once again Mr. Olamide!!
Thanks alot
AM sir Olamide please I would be delighted if u can help me with how to go about questions like this
Question😎
_The National Assembly has passed a bill on electronic voting system. The bill has successfully passed through all the law making process only remaining the president assent. The president who has being with the bill for over 35days has refused to sign the bill into law. He didn’t give any valid reason for withholding his assent. He only said that the bill can only becomes law if he wish_
_A.With the aid of statutory provisions and judicial authorities, discuss the legal issues arising from the above case scenario._
_B. Can the bill be passed into law even without the president assent? If your answer is in the affirmative, state reasons with statutory provisions and judicial authorities._
Thank you so much sir. This has really helped . I have been using IRAC wrongly
Kindly help me with all the issues. Thanks, After 15 years of trade in the cocoa industry, Madam Echoke decided to expand into 5 different African Countries. She therefore engaged the services of Kwaku Frimpong to trade from Ghana to Nigeria. After three (3) successful trips to Nigeria, Kwaku Frimpong was promoted to handle all 5 African countries. There was a 40-footer container to be shipped to a new client in Rwanda. While the cocoa beans were being transported to Tema Harbour, the truck got stuck for 2 weeks. Finally, the cocoa beans were on board to Rwanda via Maersk Shipping line. The shipping line noticed during the voyage that the cocoa beans were becoming moldy. Discovering that the cocoa beans will greatly devalue before getting to Rwanda, the shipping line got an offer and sold the cocoa beans at Ethopia, after several impossible calls to Kwaku Frimpong. The new buyer paid the agreed price (based on current market value) to Maersk Shipping line’s transactional account which was immediately transferred to Kwaku Frimpong. Kwaku Frimpong under-declared the said payment and paid Madam Echoke.
Advice Madam Echoke and Kwaku Frimpong.
Thanks alot Mr. Olamide. I’ve always had a problem with answering problem questions but you’ve just explained it in a more comprehensible manner. Thanks!
Please sir, how do I know the type of question to apply FIRAC?
You mean IRAC? You apply it to problem questions. These are usually questions that have a scenario. Although, not all questions with scenarios are problem questions, most of them are.
I find this piece very helpful.
Thank you very much.
Your words have a way of calming my anxieties and soothing my soul.
I have been seeing IRAC everywhere but no one has broken it down for me to understand it like this article. Thank you so much for sharing this knowledge i know it will be of good help for me and many others.
Please can you use a rule like criminal law or theories of law to give more examples
John,Emeka and Chinedu are students of the faculty of law Godfrey okoye university.John was in first year while Emekawas in second year
One particular Friday night,John and Emeka returned from a disco party at about 3am and switch on the light in their room and began a hot argument about events in the faculty since they resumed.John complained about the nature of legal method saying “The course is too dry and technical”.Emeka agreed with John and frankly admitted that he was constrained to cram the course when it was giving him too much problems.He however quickly added it with a sense of pride that he ultimately scored 60% in the course Chinedu who was already fast asleep was awoken by the argument of John and Emeka.Chinedu reminded the Duo of the universities regulations that all rooms light must be switched off by 12 midnight to allow the occupant to sleep in peace.When his advice was ignored, Chinedu angrily called them a “lawless lawyer”.John who was a member of a wrestling club in his secondary school days, pulled Chinedu out of his bed and beat him to a pulp.Chinedu vowed to retaliate . Unknown to john, Chinedu is the leader of campus secret cult called “Aye boys”.Advise the parties using IRAC stating the issues,rules, application and conclusion one by one within the legal method framework and the issues separately with their rules and application
Thanks lawyer for the explanation on the IRAC. I’m reading Business Law this semester but I always find it difficult to understand basic principles and I could do well in midsemester exams. I really need your assist.
Thank you sir I saw exactly this question in my exam
Other questions like Lapse of Time and Promisory estoppel too